ABACUSES - traduction vers arabe
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ABACUSES - traduction vers arabe

CALCULATING TOOL
AbacuS; Abacus arithmetic; Nepohualtzintzin; Abacus (Aztec); Bead frame; Abacus (mathematics); Abacus Calculation; Abbacus; Abacuses; Abacist; Counting frame; Counting frames; Abacists; Russian abacus; Abaci; Cranmer abacus; Reckoning frame; Abakus; 🧮; Draft:Math Genie; Abacus mathematics; Schoty
  • Chinese abacus
  • Two binary abacuses constructed by Robert C. Good, Jr., made from two Chinese abacuses
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  • Early 20th century abacus used in Danish elementary school.
  • Representation of an [[Inca]] [[quipu]]
  • Copy of a [[Roman abacus]]
  • Russian schoty
  • Japanese [[soroban]]
  • A twenty bead ''[[rekenrek]]''
  • A [[yupana]] as used by the Incas.

ABACUSES         

ألاسم

مِعْداد

abacus         
اسْم : طبلية تاج العمود في فن العمارة . المِعْداد وهي أداة لتعليم الأطفال العَدّ
ABACUS         

ألاسم

مِعْداد

Définition

Abacuses

Wikipédia

Abacus

The abacus (plural abaci or abacuses), also called a counting frame, is a calculating tool which has been used since ancient times. It was used in the ancient Near East, Europe, China, and Russia, millennia before the adoption of the Hindu-Arabic numeral system. The exact origin of the abacus has not yet emerged. It consists of rows of movable beads, or similar objects, strung on a wire. They represent digits. One of the two numbers is set up, and the beads are manipulated to perform an operation such as addition, or even a square or cubic root.

In their earliest designs, the rows of beads could be loose on a flat surface or sliding in grooves. Later the beads were made to slide on rods and built into a frame, allowing faster manipulation. Abacuses are still made, often as a bamboo frame with beads sliding on wires. In the ancient world, particularly before the introduction of positional notation, abacuses were a practical calculating tool. The abacus is still used to teach the fundamentals of mathematics to some children, for example, in Russia.

Designs such as the Japanese soroban have been used for practical calculations of up to multi-digit numbers. Any particular abacus design supports multiple methods to perform calculations, including addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, and square and cube roots. Some of these methods work with non-natural numbers (numbers such as 1.5 and 34).

Although calculators and computers are commonly used today instead of abacuses, abacuses remain in everyday use in some countries. Merchants, traders, and clerks in some parts of Eastern Europe, Russia, China, and Africa use abacuses. The abacus remains in common use as a scoring system in non-electronic table games. Others may use an abacus due to visual impairment that prevents the use of a calculator.

Exemples du corpus de texte pour ABACUSES
1. It wasn‘t uncommon for clerks at its remotest branches to use abacuses to make calculations.
2. From the bottom of my pockets, stuck to the back of my smock, hidden in the corner of abacuses, poetry gushed out.
3. They got a seamstress to stitch the sleeping bags and a carpenter to make the abacuses, and they drew up a health–training programme that they taught to a newly assembled corps of village health workers.